0 ÒýÑÔ
MIMOÎÞÏßͨÐż¼Êõ½áºÏÁËÌìÏß·¢Éä·Ö¼¯¡¢½ÓÊÕ·Ö¼¯ÓëÐŵÀ±àÂë¼¼Êõ£¬¿ÉÏÔÖøÌá¸ßͨÐÅÈÝÁ¿£¬ÊÇÎÞÏßͨÐÅ·¢Õ¹µÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£ÆÕ±éÈÏΪ£¬MIMO½«ÊÇÐÂÒ»´úÒƶ¯Í¨ÐÅϵͳ±ØÐë²ÉÓõĹؼü¼¼Êõ£¬¶ø¿Õʱ±àÂë¼¼ÊõÊÇMIMO¼¼ÊõµÄ»ù±¾ÎÊÌâ¡£¿Õʱ±àÂë(Space-time Cod-ing)¼¼ÊõÊÇ¿¹ÐŵÀË¥ÂäºÍÌá¸ßϵͳÈÝÁ¿µÄÒ»ÖÖ×îеıàÂë·½·¨£¬¶àÌìÏßϵͳÓë¿Õʱ±àÂëµÄ½áºÏÊÇ¿Õ¼ä×ÊÔ´ÀûÓü¼ÊõµÄ·¢Õ¹·½Ïò£¬¿ÉÒÔÈÏΪÊÇÒ»Öָ߼¶µÄ·Ö¼¯¼¼Êõ¡£Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬¿Õʱ±àÂëµÄ×î´óÌصãÊǽ«±àÂë¼¼ÊõºÍÕóÁм¼ÊõÓлúµØ½áºÏÔÚÒ»Æð£¬ÊµÏÖÁË¿Õ·Ö¶àÖ·£¬´Ó¶øÌá¸ßÁËϵͳµÄ¿¹Ë¥ÂäÐÔÄÜ¡£¿Õʱ±àÂë¼¼ÊõÀûÓÃË¥ÂäÐŵÀµÄ¶à¾¶´«²¥Ìص㣬ÒÔ¼°·¢Éä·Ö¼¯ºÍ½ÓÊÕ·Ö¼¯À´Ìṩ¸ßËÙÂÊ¡¢¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄÊý¾Ý´«Ê䣬Ó벻ʹÓÿÕʱ±àÂëµÄ±àÂëϵͳÏà±È£¬¿Õʱ±àÂë¿ÉÒÔÔÚ²»ÎþÉü´ø¿íµÄÇé¿öÏ»ñµÃ¸ü¸ßµÄ±àÂëÔöÒ棬Ìá¸ßÁË¿¹¸ÉÈźÍÔëÉùµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£
MIMO¼¼ÊõµÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇÄܹ»½«´«Í³Í¨ÐÅϵͳÖдæÔڵĶྶӰÏìÒòËرä³É¶ÔÓû§Í¨ÐÅÐÔÄÜÓÐÀûÔöÇ¿ÒòËØ¡£MIMO¼¼ÊõÓÐЧµØÀûÓÃÁËËæ»úË¥ÂäºÍ¿ÉÄÜ´æÔڵĶྶ´«²¥À´³É±¶µØÌá¸ßÒµÎñ´«ÊäËÙÂÊ¡£MIMO¼¼ÊõµÄ³É¹¦Ö®´¦ÔÚÓÚËüÄܹ»ÔÚ²»¶îÍâÔö¼ÓËùÕ¼ÓÃÐźŴø¿íµÄÇ°ÌáÏ´øÀ´ÎÞÏßͨÐÅÐÔÄÜÉϼ¸¸öÊýÁ¿¼¶µÄ¸ÄÉÆ£¬¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬ÔÚ½ÓÊնˣ¬¶à¾¶·ÖÁ¿Ô½¶àÐÔÄÜÔ½ºÃ¡£
MIMO¼¼Êõ±¾ÖÊÉÏÊÇ¿Õ¼ä·Ö¼¯Óë¿Õ¼ä¸´ÓõĽáºÏ£¬·Ö¼¯¿ÉÒÔ±£Ö¤´«ÊäµÄ¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬¸´ÓÃÔò¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ß´«ÊäËÙÂÊ¡£ÖÚËùÖÜÖª£¬ÒÑÓеäÐ͵Ĵ«Êä·½·¨£¬ÔÚ·¢Éä¶Ë£¬Ã¿¸ùÌìÏßÀûÓÃÏàͬµÄƵÂÊ·¢ÉäÐźţ»ÔÚ½ÓÊնˣ¬Ã¿¸ù½ÓÊÕÌìÏßÒª½ÓÊÕ·¢ÉäÌìÏßµÄËùÓÐÐźš£ÔÚ´ËÀûÓÃƵÂÊ·Ö¼¯¼¼ÊõµÄÌص㣬¶Ô·Ö²ã¿ÕʱÂëµÄ´«Êä·½·¨½øÐÐÁ˸Ľø£¬Ìá³öÁËÒ»ÖÖеĴ«Êä·½·¨£¬¼´Ê¹ÓÓһ¶ÔÒ»”µÄ½ÓÊÕ·½·¨¡£ËäÈ»¸Ã·½·¨µÄƵÆ×ÀûÓÃÂÊÓÐËùϽµ£¬µ«´ó´óÌá¸ßÁËϵͳµÄÐÔÄÜ£¬ÓëÒÑÓеäÐ͵Ĵ«Êä·½·¨Ïà±È£¬¸Ã·½·¨ÔÚ½ÓÊն˿ɴó´ó½µµÍÒëÂëµÄ¸´ÔӶȡ£
1 ·Ö¼¯¼¼ÊõºÍ¸´Óü¼Êõ
¸ù¾Ý»ñµÃ¶ÀÁ¢Ðźŷ½·¨µÄ²»Í¬£¬·Ö¼¯¼¼Êõ¿É·ÖΪʱ¼ä¡¢ÆµÂÊ¡¢¿Õ¼ä¡¢½Ç¶È¡¢¼«»¯µÈÐÎʽ£¬ÏÂÃæÖصã½éÉÜƵÂÊ·Ö¼¯ºÍ¿Õ¼ä·Ö¼¯¡£
ƵÂÊ·Ö¼¯£ºÀíÂÛÉÏ£¬²»Ïà¹ØÐŵÀ·¢ÉúͬÑùË¥ÂäµÄ¸ÅÂÊÊǸ÷×Ô²úÉúË¥Âä¸ÅÂʵij˻ý£¬¼´Ö¸ÔÚ²»Í¬Ôز¨ÆµÂÊÉÏÌṩ¶à¸öÐźŸ±±¾£¬Æ乤×÷ÔÀíÊÇ»ùÓÚÔÚÐŵÀÏà¸É´ø¿íÖ®ÍâµÄƵÂÊÉϲ»»á³öÏÖͬÑùË¥ÂäµÄ½áÂÛ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬µ±Ôز¨ÆµÂʵļä¸ô´óÓÚË¥ÂäÐŵÀµÄÏà¸É´ø¿íʱ£¬Ôز¨ÐŵÀÖ®¼ä¾ÍÊǶÀÁ¢²»Ïà¹ØµÄ£¬´Ó¶ø»ñµÃ±È½ÏºÃµÄ·Ö¼¯ÔöÒæ¡£
¿Õ¼ä·Ö¼¯£ºÖ¸·¢Éä¶Ë£¯½ÓÊÕ¶ËÔÚ¿Õ¼äÉÏ·Ö¿ªÅÅÁжà¸öÌìÏß»òÌìÏßÕóÁÐÀ´ÊµÏÖ¡£¶à¸öÌìÏßÔÚÎïÀí¿Õ¼äÉÏ·Ö¿ªÒ»¶¨µÄ¾àÀ룬ÒÔ±£Ö¤½ÓÊÕÌìÏßÊä³öÐźŵÄË¥ÂäÌØÐÔÊÇÏ໥¶ÀÁ¢µÄ£¬¼´µ±Ä³Ò»¸±½ÓÊÕÌìÏߵĽÓÊÕÐźźܵÍʱ£¬ÆäËû½ÓÊÕÌìÏߵĽÓÊÕÔò²»Ò»¶¨ÔÚͬһʱ¿ÌÒ²³öÏÖ·ù¶ÈµÍµÄÏÖÏ󣬾ÏàÓ¦µÄºÏ²¢µç·´ÓÖÐÑ¡³öÐźŷù¶È½Ï´ó£¬ÐÅÔë±È×î¼ÑµÄһ·£¬ÒԵõ½Ò»¸ö×ܵĽÓÊÕÌìÏßÊä³öÐźš£ÕâÑù¾Í½µµÍÁËͨµÀË¥ÂäµÄÓ°Ï죬¸ÄÉÆÁË´«ÊäµÄ¿É¿¿ÐÔ¡£
¿Õ¼ä¸´ÓãºÍ¨¹ý´®²¢±ä»»°Ñ´®ÐÐÐÅÏ¢·ûºÅ·Ö³Ém¸ö²¢ÐжÀÁ¢µÄÊý¾ÝÁ÷£¬¸÷¸öÊý¾ÝÁ÷µÄÊý¾Ý¸÷²»Ïàͬ£¬Í¨¹ým¸ö·¢ÉäÌìÏßÔÚÏàͬµÄƵ¶Îͬʱ·¢ËͳöÈ¥£¬ÕâÑù¾Í¿ÉÒÔ´ó´óµØÌá¸ßϵͳÈÝÁ¿ºÍƵÆ×ÀûÓÃÂÊ¡£ÀíÂÛÑо¿Ö¤Ã÷£¬¿Õ¼ä¸´Óü¼ÊõÖд¹Ö±·Ö²ã¿ÕʱÂë(V-BLAST)µÄƵÆ×ÀûÓÃÂÊ¿ÉÒÔ´ïµ½20¡«40 b£¯s£¯Hz¡£
2 V-BLAST´«ÊäÄ£ÐÍ
Ê×ÏȼÙÉè·¢ËÍÌìÏßÊýΪm£¬½ÓÊÕÌìÏßÊýΪn£¬hi,j±íʾµÄÊÇ·¢ËÍÌìÏßi(i=1£¬2£¬…£¬m)µ½½ÓÊÕÌìÏßj(j=1£¬2£¬…£¬n)Ö®¼äµÄÐŵÀÔöÒ棬ÆäÖÐhi,jÊÇ·þ´Ó¾ùֵΪ0£¬Ã¿Î¬·½²îΪO£®5µÄ¸´¸ß˹Ëæ»ú±äÁ¿£¬H=(hi,j)n×mΪÐŵÀ¾ØÕó¡£ÆäÖУ¬ÐŵÀÊÇÕ´ø¡¢×¼¾²Ì¬µÄƽ̹RayleighË¥ÂäµÄMIMOÐŵÀ£¬¼´ÔÚÒ»Ö¡·¢ËÍÊý¾ÝÆڼ䣬ÐŵÀµÄÏìÓ¦±£³Ö²»±ä¡£¼ÙÉèrj(j=1£¬2£¬…£¬n)±íʾµÚj¸ö½ÓÊÕÌìÏßÉϵÄÐźţ¬ÆäÖÐrjÊÇm¸ö·¢ËÍÌìÏßÉϵķ¢ËÍÐźÅsk(k=1£¬2£¬…£¬n)µÄµþ¼ÓÓë¸ß˹ÔëÉùÖ®ºÍ¡£ÕâÀïÓÃr±íʾ½ÓÊÕÐźÅÏòÁ¿£¬X±íʾ·¢ËÍÐźÅÏòÁ¿£¬n±íʾ½ÓÊն˵ÄÔëÉùÏòÁ¿£¬·Ö±ð±íʾÈçÏ£º
ÆäÖУºnj£¨j=1£¬2£¬…£¬n£©ÎªÃ¿¸ö½ÓÊÕÌìÏßÉϵļÓÐÔ¸ß˹°×ÔëÉù£¨AWGN£©£¬¿Éд³É£º
¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸ö2·¢2ÊÕµÄϵͳ£¬Ê½£¨2£©¿Éд³É£º
ÆäÖУºn1,n2·Ö±ðÊǽÓÊÕ¶ËÊÕµ½µÄ¼ÓÐÔ¸ß˹°×ÔëÉù(AWGN)£»h1,h2,h3,h4ΪÐŵÀÔöÒæϵÊý¡£
3 ¸Ä½øµÄ·Ö²ã¿ÕʱÂëµÄ´«Êä·½·¨
3£®1 ¸Ä½øµÄ´«ÊäÄ£ÐÍ
ÖÚËùÖÜÖª£¬MIM()¼¼Êõ±¾ÖÊÉÏÊÇ¿Õ¼ä·Ö¼¯Óë¿Õ¼ä¸´ÓõĽáºÏ£¬·Ö¼¯¿ÉÒÔ±£Ö¤´«ÊäµÄ¿É¿¿ÐÔ£»¸´ÓÃÔò¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ß´«ÊäËÙÂÊ¡£Òò´ËÔÚÉè¼Æ±àÂëʱ£¬¾¡Á¿Í¬Ê±È¡µÃ·Ö¼¯ÔöÒæºÍ¸´ÓÃÔöÒæ¡£
ͨ³££¬²»¹ÜÊÇ»ùÓÚ·Ö¼¯¼¼Êõ»¹ÊÇ»ùÓڿռ临Óü¼ÊõµÄ·¢Éä·½·¨£¬ÔÚ·¢Éä¶Ëÿ¸ùÌìÏßÓÃÏàͬµÄƵÂÊ·¢ÉäÏàͬÐÅÏ¢»ò²»Í¬ÐÅÏ¢£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖ·Ö¼¯ºÍ¸´Óã»ÔÚ½ÓÊÕ¶Ëÿ¸ùÌìÏßÐèÒª½ÓÊÕËùÓеÄÐźš£±¾ÎĽáºÏƵÂÊ·Ö¼¯µÄÌصãÌá³öÁËÒ»ÖÖеĴ«Êä·½·¨(¼ûͼ1)¡£·¢Éä¶ËµÄÿ¸ùÌìÏßÀûÓò»Í¬µÄƵÂÊ·¢ÉäÐÅÏ¢£¬ÔÚ½ÓÊն˲ÉÓò»Í¬µÄÌìÏß·Ö±ð½ÓÊÕ²»Í¬·¢ÉäÌìÏßµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ÓëÒÔÍùµÄ´«Êä·½·¨Ïà±È£¬¸Ä½ø·½·¨ËäȻƵÂÊÀûÓÃÂÊÓÐËùϽµ£¬µ«´ó´óÌá¸ßÁËϵͳµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£
¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸ö2·¢2ÊÕµÄϵͳ£¬ÔÚÒ»¸ö¸ø¶¨µÄÂëÔªÆڼ䣬s1ºÍs2·Ö±ðÊÇÔÚtʱ¿Ì´ÓÌìÏß1ºÍÌìÏß2ͬʱ·¢³öµÄÂëÔª£¬·¢ÉäÌìÏß1µÄ·¢ÉäƵÂÊΪf1£¬·¢ÉäÌìÏß2µÄ·¢ÉäƵÂÊΪf2£¬ÔÚ½ÓÊնˣ¬²ÉÓýÓÊÕÌìÏß1À´½ÓÊÕ·¢ÉäÌìÏß1·¢ÉäµÄÐźţ¬½ÓÊÕÌìÏß2À´½ÓÊÕ·¢ÉäÌìÏß2·¢ÉäµÄÐźţ¬½ÓÊÕÐźŷֱðΪr1ºÍr2£¬¿É±íʾΪ£º
ÆäÖУºn1,n2·Ö±ðÊǽÓÊÕ¶ËÊÕµ½µÄÔëÉùºÍ¸ÉÈÅ£»h1£¬h2ΪÐŵÀÔöÒæϵÊý¡£
3£®2 ¼«´óËÆÈ»ÒëÂë
¼«´óËÆÈ»ÒëÂëÊÇ×î¼ÑµÄʸÁ¿ÒëÂë·½·¨¡£¼Ù¶¨ËùÓеÄδ±àÂë·ûºÅÊǵȸÅÂÊ·¢ÉäµÄ£¬½ÓÊÕ¶ËÒÑÖªÐŵÀ״̬ÐÅÏ¢£¬Ôò¼«´óËÆÈ»Ë㷨ѡÔñʹÏÂʽ³ÉÁ¢µÄʸÁ¿c×÷Ϊ¶ÔcµÄ½üËÆ£¬¼´£º
ÆäÖУºarg min±íʾʹº¯Êý´ïµ½×îСֵʱµÄ±äÁ¿È¡Öµ£»||·||´ú±íFrobenius·¶Êý£»C±íʾcµÄËùÓпÉÄÜÈ¡ÖµµÄ¼¯ºÏ¡£
×÷ÕߣºÖÜÓñÁú£¬³ÂСƽ£¬Âí ÓÅ µç×ӿƼ¼´óѧ À´Ô´£ºÏÖ´úµç×Ó¼¼Êõ